I don’t see a quick fix for this. Surely to get a good weld, all the way around, a bare frame will need to be presented to the welder. And that’s before you discuss gusseting.
Also, the frame looks like it needs some tweaking, and de stressing to me. The broken frame tubes do not line up, why not? Something is out somewhere. Forcing the tubes back together whilst they’re welded is putting them back under stress. And stress caused this failure.
On the subject of gusseting, the frame tube that’s broken looks to be one of two that take ALL of the twisting force between the headstock and swinging arm.
I’m no frame expert, but they look marginal, to say the least, in that regard.
Gusseting up to the seat stay tubes is unlikely to help IMHO. The forces are twisting and side to side forces. So the tubes need bracing to each other, or at the very least, to the central cross tube. But then the cross tube is at risk perhaps?
Basically, I would be looking closely at gusseting those two tubes together somehow. That requires getting inside that middle space.
Bracing has to be done by a knowledgable person. Incorrect bracing doesn’t remove stress points… it just MOVES them. And can exacerbate them.
Failures like this are the effect… not the cause. You need the effect repairing, and the cause resolving. This isn’t some broken bracket or chain guard, this is the core structural frame.
Personally, I’d want to be confident in the repair, and the root cause countermeasure, as I tanked into a bumpy bend at speed. The only way to do this is to give the frame to an experienced frame expert…
All only IMHO of course.